Friday, October 11, 2019

Limkaichong v. COMELEC, G.R. Nos. 178831-32, April 1, 2009

Full text: https://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/jul2009/gr_178831_2009.html


Facts:

The core issue in the consolidated petitions is the qualification of Limkaichong to run for, be elected to, and assume and discharge, the position of Representative for the First District of Negros Oriental. The contention of the parties who sought her disqualification is that she is not a natural-born citizen, hence, she lacks the citizenship requirement in Section 6, Article VI of the 1987 Constitution. In the election that ensued, she was voted for by the constituents of Negros Oriental and garnered the highest votes. She was eventually proclaimed as the winner and has since performed her duties and responsibilities as Member of the House of Representatives.

The proponents against Limkaichong's qualification stated that she is not a natural-born citizen because her parents were Chinese citizens at the time of her birth. They went on to claim that the proceedings for the naturalization of Julio Ong Sy, her father, never attained finality due to procedural and substantial defects.

Nevertheless, events have already transpired after the COMELEC has rendered its Joint Resolution. Limkaichong was proclaimed by the Provincial Board of Canvassers, she had taken her oath of office, and she was allowed to officially assume the office on July 23, 2007. Accordingly, we ruled in our April 1, 2009 Decision that the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal (HRET), and no longer the COMELEC, should now assume jurisdiction over the disqualification cases. Pertinently, the Court held:

x x x The Court has invariably held that once a winning candidate has been proclaimedtaken his oath, and assumed office as a Member of the House of Representatives, the COMELEC's jurisdiction over election contests relating to his election, returns, and qualifications ends, and the HRET's own jurisdiction begins.

Issue:

1. Whether or not HRET has jurisdiction over the disqualification cases?
2. WON the irregularity of the Limkaichong’s proclamation will prevent HRET from acquiring jurisdiction?

Ruling:

1. Yes, HRET has jurisdiction over the disqualification cases.

Section 17Article VI of the 1987 Constitution provides:

Sec. 17. The Senate and the House of Representatives shall each have an Electoral Tribunal which shall be the sole judge of all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of their respective Members.

In this case, Limkaichong was proclaimed by the Provincial Board of Canvassers, she had taken her oath of office, and she was allowed to officially assume the office on July 23, 2007.She took all the necessary elements to become a Member of the House of Representatives. As such, HRET will be the sole judge of the qualification complaints against her.

Hence, HRET has jurisdiction over the disqualification cases.

2. No, the irregularity of the Limkaichong’s proclamation will not prevent HRET from acquiring jurisdiction.
Jurisprudence teaches that in an electoral contest where the validity of the proclamation of a winning candidate who has taken his oath of office and assumed his post as congressman is raised, that issue is best addressed to the HRET. The reason for this ruling is self-evident, for it avoids duplicity of proceedings and a clash of jurisdiction between constitutional bodies, with due regard to the people's mandate.

In the case at bar, Limkaichong was proclaimed by the Provincial Board of Canvassers, she had taken her oath of office, and she was allowed to officially assume the office on July 23, 2007. Even if there is an alleged irregularity in her proclamation, she still has validly assumed office. As such HRET will have jurisdiction over any qualification complaints.

Hence, the irregularity of the Limkaichong’s proclamation will not prevent HRET from acquiring jurisdiction.

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